Details of Grant 

EPSRC Reference:	EP/K036211/1
Title:	High Energy And Power Density (HEAPD) Solutions to Large Energy Deficits
Principal Investigator:	Li, Professor F
Other Investigators:	Dent, Professor C Redfern, Dr MA Jenkins, Professor N Wu, Professor J Walker, Professor I Bialek, Dr JW
Researcher Co-Investigators:
Project Partners:	National Grid Western Power Distribution
Department:	Electronic and Electrical Engineering
Organisation:	University of Bath
Scheme:	Standard Research
Starts:	30 June 2014	Ends:	29 December 2017	Value (£):	1,005,833
EPSRC Research Topic Classifications:	Energy Storage Sustainable Energy Networks
EPSRC Industrial Sector Classifications:	Energy
Related Grants:
Panel History:	Panel Date Panel Name Outcome 08 Mar 2013 UK India Smart Grids & Storage Announced
Summary on Grant Application Form
Many countries around the world face an uncertain future over the next few decades as they move to greater electricity use and at the same time look to more intermittent low-carbon generation. India, which suffered numerous serious blackouts recently is already operating near the limits of its generation and network capacity and so provides an ideal case study for testing innovative solutions that can make power networks more resilient. The research outputs from this project will provide foresights into the development of low-carbon smart grids in India and the UK. Local Direct Current (DC) grids, supported by local storage and local renewables in residential and commercial buildings, are identified by RCUK and DST as the key enablers for demand reduction and demand flexibility (demand response). Compared with local AC grids, they have highly desirable features to provide a game-changing solution to meeting the UK and India's rising demand in a sustainable way. This is because at least 30% of our demand (mobile phones, computers, consumer electronics) is fundamentally DC consumptions [1], local DC grids can achieve 40% demand reduction by removing lossy DC to AC conversion and directly feed these demand with local renewables and local storage [2]. This electrical conversion saving is set to rise substantially when the use of electrical vehicles (EVs) -vehicle charging and discharging are inherently DC- and efficient DC lighting becomes widespread. Lighting is currently responsible for 19% of our domestic consumption [1], the EV use will increase our traditional consumption by more than 40% by year 2050 [3]. Secondly, when backed up by local energy storage and renewables, local DC grids can substantially increase demand flexibility, thus enabling users and grid operators to take greater advantage of intermittent renewables. Finally, when main grid supply experiences supply interruptions, local DC grids have less technical issues to be disconnected from the main grid and re-connected back to the grid, thus ideal for provide support to security of supply. There are a number of smart grid demonstration projects around the world to test the viability, efficiency and economics of a local DC grid. This includes the UK's first DC network at the University of Bath, which has led to a subsequent larger DC grids demonstration project across 10 schools, 1 office and 30 homes. These demonstration projects are primarily focused on balancing energy supply and demand and energy security at the local community level. Such demonstrators are supported by expensive energy storage solutions such as batteries, which make for a weak business case that limits the scale and speed of their uptake. In response to the RCUK-DST June 2012 workshop this proposal will address the research challenge of DC Networks in smart energy grids in the UK and India. We will look at how they can be used in residential and commercial buildings in practical and economically viable ways to make better use of local community renewable energy supplies especially when central generation is over-stretched or broken. This consortium of Indian and UK experts in Energy Networks will take the timely step of investigating how DC networks, can increase the efficiency of renewable energy-storage systems deployed at a community level to benefit the resilience of the National Grid. The research outcomes will deliver cheaper and securer solutions to complement the traditional risk-prevention techniques used by grid operators, which will have difficulties coping with the added risks of introducing low-carbon, low-inertia, low-availability generation technologies. References: 1. DECC, "Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics (DUKES)". 2. "Direct-Current Voltage (DC) in Households", Peter Vaessen, KEMA, 2005. 3. DECC, "Demand Side Response: Conflict Between Supply and Network Driven Optimisation", Poyry/Bath, August 2011 .
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Organisation Website:	http://www.bath.ac.uk