Details of Grant 

EPSRC Reference:	GR/R43624/01
Title:	Investigation of Solid-to-Solid Interaction and Transport in Building Drainage Systems
Principal Investigator:	Campbell, Dr D
Other Investigators:	Jack, Professor L Swaffield, Professor J
Researcher Co-Investigators:
Project Partners:	Arup Group Ltd Caroma Industries Hepworth Building Products Ltd University of Nottingham
Department:	Sch of the Built Environment
Organisation:	Heriot-Watt University
Scheme:	Standard Research (Pre-FEC)
Starts:	01 October 2001	Ends:	30 September 2004	Value (£):	222,812
EPSRC Research Topic Classifications:	Building Ops & Management Water Engineering
EPSRC Industrial Sector Classifications:	Construction Water
Related Grants:
Panel History:
Summary on Grant Application Form
The research will utilize innovative non-invasive sensing techniques (particle-imaging velocimetry (PIV) for flow analysis, and photocell/electromagnetic sensing for solid position) for data collection to develop and extend an existing mathematical model (DRAINET) of solid transport in building drainage systems. Current building drainage design guidelines depend on empirical data tables for estimating steady-state solid transport based on self-cleansing velocity and standard system components, which cannot address unsteady conditions or new systems such as those required to allow low water use appliancess to operate properly. Thus, current design standards cannot be optimised or adapted to include low water use appliances such as dual flush w.c.'s. DRAINET was developed to accurately simulate unsteady conditions in any building drainage system and can thus be used for guideline and code optimisation, but it assumes that entrained solids do not interact with each other or the surrounding flow, with depthdiscontinuities across the solid being `calibrated out', and that the fluid is composed of pure water. Thus while DRAINET is highly effective at indicating potential system failure points, it does so for systems flowing with clean water. Since most drainage applications encounter multiple entrained solids and appliance discharges dosed with warm, detergent laden water, thisinvestigation will develop DRAINET to include flow modification by these factors to more accurately simulate `live' waste, representing the next step in a coherent development programme to allow guideline and code optimisation.
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Organisation Website:	http://www.hw.ac.uk