Details of Grant 

EPSRC Reference:	GR/N35533/01
Title:	THREE DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTAL DEVICES BY HOLOGRAPHIC LITHOGRAPHY
Principal Investigator:	Turberfield, Professor AJ
Other Investigators:	Denning, Professor R.G.
Researcher Co-Investigators:
Project Partners:
Department:	Oxford Physics
Organisation:	University of Oxford
Scheme:	Standard Research (Pre-FEC)
Starts:	01 August 2000	Ends:	30 April 2004	Value (£):	366,528
EPSRC Research Topic Classifications:	Materials Processing
EPSRC Industrial Sector Classifications:	Electronics No relevance to Underpinning Sectors
Related Grants:
Panel History:
Summary on Grant Application Form
The study and commercial exploitation of three-dimensional photonic crystals is still held up for want of a reliable, flexible, and low-cost fabrication method. We have demonstrated a novel technology - holographic lithography - in which a three-dimensional laser interference pattern is used to expose a photoresist. Highly exposed photoresist is rendered insoluble; unexposed areas are dissolved away to reveal a three-dimensionally periodic structure formed of cross-linked polymer with air-filled voids. This technique may be used to produce lattices with any symmetry and allows the possibility of engineering the shape of the surface of the polymer to optimise the band structure of the material.we propose to develop this process and to introduce techniques for incorporating defects in the periodic microstructures. Such defects may give rise to localised electromagnetic modes within the bandgap of a photonic crystal and are potentially of considerable technological importance: point defects may be used to produce three-dimensional microcavities (making possible thresholdless laser action) and line defects may be used to create waveguide devices. We also propose to use polymeric microstructures as templates in which to grow metals and high-index dielectrics, allowing study of metallic microstructures and construction of photonic crystals (incorporating engineered defects) with complete bandgaps.
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Organisation Website:	http://www.ox.ac.uk