Details of Grant 

EPSRC Reference:	GR/J77580/01
Title:	THE IMPACT OF CITIES ON THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF THEIR UNDERLYING GROUNDWATER
Principal Investigator:	Lerner, Professor DN
Other Investigators:	Tellam, Professor J. H.
Researcher Co-Investigators:
Project Partners:	Pre Nexus Migration Saint-Gobain Severn Trent Plc Group
Department:	Civil & Environmental Engineering
Organisation:	University of Bradford
Scheme:	Standard Research (Pre-FEC)
Starts:	01 November 1994	Ends:	31 October 1997	Value (£):	107,184
EPSRC Research Topic Classifications:	Water Engineering
EPSRC Industrial Sector Classifications:	Environment
Related Grants:
Panel History:
Summary on Grant Application Form
The purpose is to resolve much of the uncertainty about the impact of cities on groundwater in the UK, such as the proportion of leakage from water services that recharges groundwater, and the effect of sewers on groundwater quality. Nottingham will be studied, with extensive chemical sampling of deep and shallow groundwater, and of potential source waters. Inorganic, organic and isotope species will be used. Marker species will be used to identify sources, and solute balances will give estimates of water balances and hence pollution loads. A multicomponent solute balance in a mixing cell model will be fitted by a least squares criterion, with constraints and weights applied to reflect external knowledge of boundary conditions, hydrochemical processes, and data reliability.
Key Findings
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Potential use in non-academic contexts
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Organisation Website:	http://www.brad.ac.uk